Hypertension has 3 levels and 4 layers, low risk, medium risk, high risk, very high risk, which kind do you belong to? What symptom does hypertension have?
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According to the Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension (revised in 2018), the crude prevalence rate of hypertension among residents over 18 years old in China from 2012 to 2015 was 27.9%. In other words, nearly three out of 10 are hypertensive patients. In fact, the awareness rate of hypertension patients in China is low, only about 51.6%. Therefore, the real prevalence of hypertension, far higher than the statistics.
Hypertension: an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
As one of the "three highs", hypertension is closely related to the other two high blood pressure. It is also an independent risk factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and can cause functional or organic damage of target organs such as heart, brain, kidney, eyes, etc.
The so-called "independent risk factors" mean that even if there are no other pathogenic factors such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, only hypertension will lead to the occurrence of related diseases over time.
Many people think that hypertension alone doesn't matter. As long as there is no diabetes or hyperlipidemia, there will be no atherosclerosis / coronary heart disease / myocardial infarction and other diseases. In fact, it's a big mistake!
Experts point out that hypertension is the biggest and independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Among the 45-74 year olds who died of cardiovascular disease, 81% of women and 73% of men had some degree of hypertension previously. The current survey data have fully demonstrated that regardless of gender and age, the level of blood pressure is positively correlated with the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Blood pressure has 3 levels, normal high value, in the future half may become hypertension
However, hypertension cannot be generalized. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of the role of multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease and the protection of target organs of heart, brain and kidney, the diagnostic criteria of hypertension are constantly adjusted.
Even if the level of hypertension is the same, the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is not necessarily the same, affected by many factors. Therefore, for hypertension, there is the concept of blood pressure stratification. And for the treatment of hypertension, we can't have a thousand people, but we should emphasize the individualized diagnosis and treatment plan.
At present, blood pressure value and risk factor assessment are the main basis for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
Different patients, their age, disease history and other conditions, hypertension stratification is different, management objectives are also different.
First of all, let's take a look at the classification of blood pressure, which can be roughly divided into three grades.
Normal blood pressure: systolic blood pressure < 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg.
Normal high value: systolic blood pressure was 120 ~ 139mmhg and / or diastolic blood pressure was 80 ~ 89mmhg.
Hypertension: SBP ≥ 140mmHg and / or DBP ≥ 90mmHg
Of course, the above three levels of blood pressure are only applicable to adults over 18 years old in China, and children under 18 years old are not included.
It should be pointed out that if the blood pressure level is normal high, even if it is not hypertension at present, there is a long-term risk of hypertension. According to the Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension (revised in 2018), the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with high normal blood pressure after 10 years is more than twice that of people with blood pressure of 110 / 70mmhg; and the middle-aged people with high normal blood pressure have a 45% - 64% chance of becoming hypertension patients after 10 years!
Hypertension has 3 levels and 4 layers. Which one do you belong to?
For hypertension, according to the specific blood pressure value, it is divided into three grades.
Grade 1 hypertension (mild): systolic blood pressure 140 ~ 159mmhg and / or diastolic blood pressure 90 ~ 99mmhg.
Grade 2 hypertension (moderate): systolic blood pressure 160 ~ 179mmhg and / or diastolic blood pressure 100 ~ 109mmhg.
Grade 3 hypertension (severe): SBP ≥ 180mmhg and / or DBP ≥ 110mmhg.
If the value of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are in different levels, the higher level shall prevail. For example, if the systolic blood pressure is grade 2 and the diastolic blood pressure is level 1, then the patient's hypertension level is grade 2.
As we mentioned earlier, hypertension is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and prognosis of cardiovascular events. But it is not the only determinant. Most patients with hypertension have other risk factors. According to this, patients with hypertension were divided into four levels: low risk, medium risk, high risk and very high risk.
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